11th class political science 1st chapter Constitution – Why and How?

Categories:

11th class political Science Notes (English medium)

Chapter 1: Constitution – Why and How?

1. What is a Constitution?

  • A set of written rules that guides how a country is governed.
  • It defines the structure of government, distribution of powers, and citizens’ rights.
  • It is the supreme law – higher than ordinary laws.

2. Why Do We Need a Constitution?

  1. Defines rules of politics – who has power and how it is used.
  2. Limits government powers – prevents misuse of authority.
  3. Protects minorities and weaker groups.
  4. Reflects society’s values & aspirations.
  5. Provides stability – ensures peaceful coexistence.

3. Authority of the Constitution

  • Parliament makes laws within the limits set by the Constitution.
  • Gives legitimacy to government actions.
  • Protects citizens from arbitrary rule.

4. Making of the Indian Constitution

  • Drafted by the Constituent Assembly (1946–49).
  • Members elected indirectly (Provincial Assemblies).
  • Included representatives of all major communities & regions.
  • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar – Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
  • Adopted on 26 November 1949, came into effect on 26 January 1950.

5. Sources of the Indian Constitution

Borrowed features from many countries:

  • UK – Parliamentary system, Rule of Law.
  • USA – Fundamental Rights, Judicial Review.
  • USSR – Fundamental Duties.
  • Canada – Federation with strong centre.
  • Ireland – Directive Principles of State Policy.

6. Functions of the Constitution

  • Allocates powers between different institutions.
  • Ensures checks and balances (no one dominates).
  • Protects freedom & equality.
  • Provides a framework for democratic government.

7. Key Features of Indian Constitution (to remember)

  • Written and lengthiest in the world.
  • Drawn from global models, but adapted to Indian needs.
  • Blend of rigidity and flexibility.
  • Based on ideals of justice, liberty, equality, fraternity.

✅ In Short:
The Constitution is not just a legal document, but a reflection of India’s values, struggles, and democratic aspirations. It decides who governs, how they govern, and for whose benefit they govern.

Tags:

No Tag

Comments are closed