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Political Science Class 12 Notes Chapter 8 Environment and Natural Resources Environmental Concerns in Global Politics There have been many environmental issues that are concerns of the global politics. There is a decline in the availability of cultivable land and a substantial portion of existing agricultural land is losing fertility. Around 1.2 billion people in [...]
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Class 12 Political Science Notes Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World Political Science Class 12 Notes Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World Traditional Notions of External Security The greatest danger to a country is from military threats. The root of this danger is the other country which by threatening military action endangers the [...]
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Political Science Class 12 Notes Chapter 6 International Organizations The United Nation [UN] The United Nations was established in 1945 immediately after the Second World War. It was a successor to the league of nations which was formed after the First World War. The objective of United Nations is to prevent international conflict and to [...]
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Political Science Class 12 Notes Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia Pakistan The first military rule in Pakistan took place under General Yahya Khan. The reason for this was the popular dissatisfaction against the rule of General Ayub Khan. After this, a government was formed under the leadership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto from 1971 to 1977. [...]
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Political Science Class 12 Notes Chapter 4 Alternative Centers of Power European Union After the end of the Second World War, there was a dilemma among many European leaders over the status of Europe. The Second World War shattered the structure on which the European states had based their relations. The Cold War aided the [...]
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Political Science Class 12 Notes Chapter 3 US Hegemony in World Politics Beginning of the ‘New World Order’ by the US The disintegration of USSR led to the beginning of the US hegemony in 1991. It remained with all its powers enhanced and intact. Kuwait was invaded by Iraq in August 1990 and was subsequently [...]
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Political Science Class 12 Notes Chapter 2 The End of Bipolarity Soviet System The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) came into being after the Socialist Revolution in Russia in 1917. The revolution was inspired by the ideals of socialism and the need for an egalitarian society as opposed to capitalism. After the Second World [...]
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Political Science Class 12 Notes Chapter 1 The Cold War Era Cuban Missile Crisis Cuba was an ally of the Soviet Union and received diplomatic and financial aid from it. In April 1961, leaders of the USSR were worried that the United States of America would invade communist-ruled Cuba and overthrow its President Fidel Castro. In 1962, [...]
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Change and Development in Rural Society – CBSE Notes for Class 12 Sociology India is basically a rural society. It is called the land of villages. Our economy rests on agriculture. The farmers agriculture is not only an occupation but a way of life. This country has unity in diversity. Different regions and states have [...]
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Cultural Change – CBSE Notes for Class 12 Sociology • Cultural change refers to the change in customs, traditions, beliefs, lifestyle, behaviour etc. (We got inspired by the British clothes, etc). • Impact of British on our culture, values, norms, basically any impact or change on the cultural side. • Change in aspects of daily [...]